cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention

Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Copyright 2023. . Bailey-Wilson JE, Amos CI, Pinney SM, Petersen GM, de Andrade M, Wiest JS, et al. The .gov means its official. In the United States, 45% of the 609,820 cancer deaths estimated to occur in 2023 are expected to be attributable to cancer risk factors that are all potentially modifiable through lifestyle changes, such as: Cancer screening tests can also help prevent thousands of additional cancer cases and deaths. Figure 3a shows age-standardized mortality rates for lung cancer among males using data from GLOBOCAN, 2018. A comparison of mainstream and sidestream marijuana and tobacco cigarette smoke produced under two machine smoking conditions. Yabroff KR, Mariotto A, Tangka F, Zhao J, Islami F, Sung H, Sherman RL, Henley SJ, Jemal A, Ward EM. Bao W, Xu GF, Lu JC, Snetselaar LG, Wallace RB. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that e-cigarettes generate have acute deleterious effects on lung function [70, 71]. Jamal A, Phillips E, Gentzke AS, Homa DM, Babb SD, King BA, et al. Agents classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) [100] that have sufficient evidence of causing lung cancer in humans include numerous occupational-related exposures including arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and diesel exhaust and specific occupations including aluminum production, coal gasification, coke production, underground hematite mining, iron and steel founding, painting, and rubber production (reviewed in [101]). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. The journal is printed on paper that meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). By restricting the analyses to cohort studies, the goal was to minimize bias often present in case-control studies. J Natl Cancer Inst. A notable strength of the program at Harvard T.H. McKay JD, Hung RJ, Han Y, Zong X, Carreras-Torres R, Christiani DC, et al. Z99 CA999999/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States. An official website of the United States government. In 2004, the Genetic Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Consortium revealed the first evidence for a major susceptibility locus influencing lung cancer risk to a region on 6q2325 [138]. The prevalence of cancer survivorship is increasing. Program Director, Risk Factor Assessment Branch New driver mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lewis DR, Check DP, Caporaso NE, Travis WD, Devesa SS. Lung cancer: current therapies and new targeted treatments. Asthma and the risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted However, in 2018 the initial results of the Nederlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzo ek (NELSON) trial [156] were presented at the 19th World Conference on Lung Cancer of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer and indicated significant reductions in lung cancer mortality. 8600 Rockville Pike Current estimates of the economic cost of obesity in the United States. Lung cancer tumors are divided into two broad histological categories: non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). eCollection 2023. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention | American Association for This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Lung cancer mortality among males is highest in Eastern Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa, and specific countries in Eastern Asia and lowest in most of Africa. GWA studies have successfully identified genetic factors significantly associated with lung cancer susceptibility with varying strengths of association evidence and some loci have been refined to specific subgroups including sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and histological subtypes [139, 140]. Lerner CA, Sundar IK, Yao H, Gerloff J, Ossip DJ, McIntosh S, et al. Costs are reported in 2019 U.S. dollars. Blasi F, Tarsia P, Arosio C, Fagetti L, Allegra L. Chlamydia pneumoniae and lung cancer: epidemiologic evidence. Cruciferous vegetables consumption and the risk of female lung cancer: a prospective study and a meta-analysis, Fish consumption and lung cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis, Body mass index and lung cancer risk in never smokers: a meta-analysis. and transmitted securely. Surgeon Generals Report that concluded cigarette smoking is causally related to lung cancer in men [40]. TheCancer Epidemiology and Preventionprogram at the Harvard T.H. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1 July 2023; 32 (7): 894905. Global Cancer in Women: Burden and Trends - PubMed Propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin are the two major solvents in electronic-cigarettes and studies have shown that vapors from these solvents contain toxic and carcinogenic carbonyl compounds including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and acrolein [62, 67]. Global Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates and Trends--An Update Although the incidence rate has been declining in men since the mid-1980s, incidence rates did not start declining for women until the mid-2000s because of historical sex-specific differences of smoking uptake and cessation. 2006 Sep;15(9):1569-71. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0613. Marijuana use is prevalent among youth in the United States as data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health reported that prevalence of past-year use was between 12% and 16% for adolescents ages 12 to 17 between 2002 and 2014 [84]. Figure 7 shows the two major lung cancer histological categories (non-small cell lung carcinoma [NSCLC] and small-cell lung carcinoma) and the most common histological subtypes among NSCLC (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma). See if you're eligible for a clinical trial. Percent of lung cancer cases at diagnosis and 5-year relative survival by stage. A note from the new Editor-in-Chief. Biomarkers may also reflect host characteristics. History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema, or chronic bronchitis, is an irreversible chronic inflammatory condition that leads to fixed narrowing of small airways and alveolar wall destruction. Boehmer U, Miao X, Maxwell NI, Ozonoff A. Age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in the United States. Gynecol Oncol. However, local therapy for early stage disease is associated with substantially improved overall survival. Cannabis smoking and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium. If no financial support exists, authors may apply for a waiver of the fixed publication fee at the time of submission. Mohite PN, Zeriouh M, Saez DG, Popov AF, Sabashnikov A, Zych B, et al. Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung. The site is secure. Prolonged lung cancer screening reduced 10-year mortality in the MILD trial: new confirmation of lung cancer screening efficacy. The final typeset version of every published article is rendered freely accessible 12 months after publication. {currentyear} American Cancer Society, Inc. All rights reserved. 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. The HIV/AIDS Cancer Match (HACM) Study used linked data collected by US HIV and cancer registries to describe cancer risk in HIV-infected people in the United States relative to the general population [128]. United States. Biomarkers may also reflect host characteristics. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: the new database to inform the eighth edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer. Suggested citation:American Cancer Society. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. Following publication of the NLST results, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in December 2013 and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) in February 2015 issued recommendations for annual LDCT screening for eligible high-risk individuals. Although cigarettes remain the most prevalent form of tobacco use in the United States, other tobacco products including pipes, cigars, and water pipes (e.g., hookah) are still common and have been associated with increased risk and mortality of lung cancer. MeSH A model has been proposed for the role of oxidative stress in mediating adverse effects of electronic-cigarettes leading to cancer, cardiopulmonary pathogenesis, and neurodegenerative disorders [65]. Epub 2021 Oct 26. Schabath MB, Massion PP, Thompson ZJ, Eschrich SA, Balagurunathan Y, Goldof D, et al. Please check your email address / username and password and try again. Black lung cancer patients (16%) have overall lower 5year relative survival rate than Whites (19%) which is consistent for localized (52% vs. 56%) and regional disease (27% vs 30%), but not for distant disease (5% vs. 5%). When filtered cigarettes were introduced, combusted tobacco smoke dispersed deeper into the respiratory tree due to deeper inhalation resulting in adenocarcinomas with a more peripheral distribution [11]. Recent Mortality Patterns and Time Trends for the Major Cancers in 47 Disclaimer. Isr J Health Policy Res. Figure 2a shows age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates for males in the United States, 2011 2015, using data from U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. Cancer Prevention & Early Detection| American Cancer Society While risk of lung cancer and death is lower for individuals using these products compared to those who smoke cigarettes, it should be noted that these are not safer alternatives to cigarette smoking as the lower point estimates are likely attributed to lower smoking intensity and perhaps lesser degrees of inhalation of these products. Front Health Serv. Tuberculosis is a communicable infectious disease transmitted by cough aerosol and is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. For descriptions and length requirements of the article types available to submitting authors, see the journals Categories of Articles. However, there are few causally-linked risk factors for lung cancer diagnosed among never smokers which, if considered a unique reportable category, is the 11th most common cancer and the 7th leading cause of cancer-related death. Chapter 6: Lung cancer in never smokers: epidemiology and risk prediction models. Program Director, Genomic Epidemiology Branch Scheffler S, Dieken H, Krischenowski O, Forster C, Branscheid D, Aufderheide M. Evaluation of E-cigarette liquid vapor and mainstream cigarette smoke after direct exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Keywords: Lung cancer mortality among females in North America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, and Australia/New Zealand and lowest in most of Africa. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Collection: Epidemiology of Aging and Cancer, Collection: Cancer Epidemiology in Asian American and Pacific Islander Populations, Collection: US Cancer Disparities Statistics, Collection: Cancer Epidemiology in Hispanic/Latino Populations, Collection: Colorectal Cancer: Screening and Early-Onset CRC, Collection: Informing Public Health Policy. Hiatt RA, Stewart SL, Hoeft KS, Kushi LH, Windham GC, Biro FM, Pinney SM, Wolff MS, Teitelbaum SL, Braithwaite D. Zhan P, Suo LJ, Qian Q, Shen XK, Qiu LX, Yu LK, et al. Trends in cigarette and lung cancer death rates. Additionally, e-cigarette use among US youths is associated with increased risk of initiation of traditional cigarette use [63, 64]. In 2007. Rosenberger A, Bickeboller H, McCormack V, Brenner DR, Duell EJ, Tjonneland A, et al. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014217. The incidence rate among men is 71.3 per 100,000 and for women it is 52.3 per 100,000. Danielle Carrick, PhD, MHS Markaki M, Tsamardinos I, Langhammer A, Lagani V, Hveem K, Roe OD. Figure 8b shows age-adjusted incidence rates among males for lung and bronchus cancer by year of diagnosis and histology using SEER 9, 1973-2015. Racial and ethnic differences in lung cancer incidence, mortality, and survival outcomes are well-documented and are largely attributed to inequalities in wealth (i.e., socioeconomic status) leading to differences in risk factor exposures and barriers to highquality prevention, early detection, and treatment [4]. 2020 Jul;29(7):1304-1312. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1534 . As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. There is also compelling evidence that other factors may be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer for both smokers and never smokers including poor diet and low body mass index [129-137]. Figure 6 shows the percentage of lung cancer cases diagnosed in the U.S. by stage and their respective 5-year survival rates using data from SEER 18 (https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html). Among 448,258 HIV-infected people, lung cancer was the second common individual cancer type (11.6%) was lung cancer risk was elevated 2-fold. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer. However, a meta-analysis published in 2017 that included 18 studies with over 16 million individuals [110] found that asthma was significantly associated with a 44% increased risk of lung cancer and a 28% increased risk among never smokers.

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