Hall, Petra Stojkovic and Miodrag Stojkovic, Using Therapeutic Cloning to Fight Human Disease: A Conundrum or Reality?, (2006) 24STEM CELLS https://stemcellsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1634/stemcells.2005-0592> accessed 22 April 2020, [17]University of Utah, Why Clone? Genetic Science Learning Center accessed 29 April 2020, [18] Ian Murnaghan, Therapeutic Cloning, (explorestemcells, 10 Feb 2020 accessed 30 March 2020, [19]Department of Science and Technology, Cloning And Stem Cells-Public Understanding of Biotechnology (2014) accessed 25 March 2020. Embryonic cloning: Cellular degradation occurs when too many clones are made from embryos. On the other hand, others believe that this would simply commodify the entire human existence and might even cause the exploitation of women simply because they are in dire need for financial assistance. Many of these supporters believe that therapeutic and research cloning should be not only allowed but also publicly funded, similar to other types of disease and therapeutics research. On the other hand, there are certain groups who argue that the embryo does not deserve any specific moral consideration as it is simply a cluster of cells with no body parts or brain or consciousness, memory, thoughts, etc. Therapeutic cloning refers to the use of SCNT to reprogram somatic cells into undifferentiated cells (embryonic stem cells) for different therapeutic purposes, such as the treatment of degenerative diseases or traumatic injuries, or to correct genetically predisposed conditions. In the therapeutical experiment, skin cells of mice with Parkinsons disease were used to create cloned embryos. @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-ablison_com-banner-1-0-asloaded{max-width:250px!important;max-height:250px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'ablison_com-banner-1','ezslot_12',631,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-ablison_com-banner-1-0'); Therapeutic cloning offers a promising mechanism for regenerating tissues and organs, providing hope for those suffering from degenerative diseases or traumatic injuries. Although this process of stem cells is a natural one, another alternative to the natural process is that these stem cells can be manipulated so as to repair damaged or diseased organs and tissues. While therapeutic cloning has immense benefits, it also comes with certain safety concerns. [22] Apart from that therapeutic cloning has the potential to treat Parkinsons disease and its advancement could eventually be even extended for treatment of cortical atrophy resulting from stroke or for Alzheimers disease. But when we reduce the quality and number of its harmful effect, the technology improves. Most prominent disadvantage of therapeutic cloning is the use of embryos. In order to cure disease, millions of eggs are needed. Therefore, guidelines require mandatory video consent of the donor wherein the consent must be informed consent; screening for six major transmittable diseases namely HIV-1 and 2, hepatitis B virus etc. Stem cells: What they are and what they do 1103 Words. The Disadvantages Of Human Cloning. For therapeutic cloning, is it right to create embryos for therapy, and destroy them in the process? At Ablison.com, we believe in providing our readers with useful information and education on a multitude of topics. Benefits of cloning include being able to create tissue and organs that doctors can use when needed for surgery on the original. Advantages: It prevents the extinction of certain species and it reduces infertility. [53] Further, in 2001 , the British Government passed Human Fertilization and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations, 2001 to amend the Human Fertilization and Embryology Act, 1990 thereby allowing therapeutic cloning. They are of the opinion that therapeutic cloning should be allowed as well as funded just as any kind of therapeutic research. The pros and Cons of Therapeutic Cloning - Human Cloning 1. Meaning: The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines the term therapeutic as of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods. This type of cloning is very controversial and individuals feel strongly on both sides of this issue. 2. Therapeutic cloning also presents opportunities for scientific advancements in understanding disease mechanisms and developing personalized medicine. In no way does therapeutic cloning intends to implant the embryo in the uterus.[12]. [5] Michael Rugnetta, Cloning, Encyclopaedia Britannica accessed 1 April 2020, [6]KarenWellner, Hans Spemann (1869-1941), The Embryo project Encyclopaedia accessed 2 April 2020, [7]Marie A. The medical use of replicated cells and body tissue are wide ranging and include organ growth and scientific research. This nucleus contains the genetic material. It, therefore, indicated towards the possibility that DNA in differentiated somatic (body) cells could be reprogrammed into undifferentiated cells at embryonic stage, thereby reinstating the pluripotency wherein such undifferentiated embryonic cells have the ability to develop into different forms of body cells which make up a complete organism. They consider it murder and strictly oppose this act. With all animals have nearly the same, if not identical, genetic makeup, the species would be at an increased risk of extinction because of the risks of inbreeding. 50 Intense Pros and Cons of Colonizing Mars, 20 Pros and Cons of Corporate Sponsorship for Schools, 30 Important Pros and Cons of Agriculture. These concerns highlight the importance of balancing scientific progress with societal values and ensuring that research is conducted in an ethical manner. King (19212000),(2004)301(1) 3 April 2020, [8]Kre{imir Paveli} , Arguments for Human Therapeutic Cloning (2004)IV (1) BJBMS IV (1) accessed 5 April 2020, [10] Human somatic cell nuclear transfer and cloning, (2012) 98(4)ASRM accessed> 23 April 2020, [11] Alina Bradford ,Facts About Cloning (Live Science Contributor, 2 March 2017) accessed 2 April 2020, [14] Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning (National Academies Press (US)2002). Filed Under: Healthcare Articles and Infographics, 2023 HealthResearchFunding.org - Privacy Policy, 14 Hysterectomy for Fibroids Pros and Cons, 12 Pros and Cons of the Da Vinci Robotic Surgery, 14 Pros and Cons of the Cataract Surgery Multifocal Lens, 11 Pros and Cons of Monovision Cataract Surgery. The introductory part is followed by a discussion on resultant benefits, concerns, international legal framework and national laws wherein the researcher has primarily focused on therapeutic cloning alone. The reproductive cloning may have manifold purposes for e.g. Since reproductive cloning is prohibited around the world, at least as of now, the researcher has based the project on therapeutic cloning primarily and hasnt touched upon reproductive cloning in detail. For basic research involving stem cells, the guidelines also requiresin vitro studies to attain prior approval of IEC and IC-SCR and when such in vitro studies are intended to be done on preimplantation human embryos than the same must be done within a span of 14 days offertilization or formation of primitive streak whichever is earlier. With this extraordinary scientific development that the DNA of adult cells (Somatic cells) could be again reverted to its pluripotent state, a new horizon opened up which significantly impacted research with respect to therapeutic cloning and also the development of stem cell therapies. As a result of these potential risks and ethical considerations, many countries have implemented stringent regulations governing the practice of therapeutic cloning to ensure responsible use while pursuing its benefits responsibly and in line with societal values. [31] In this way human life is being used as a means to an end. 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloning Animals It also provides disadvantages of this practice such as the painful process of egg extraction and being an expensive procedure. The main benefit of therapeutic cloning might actually be for research. On one hand, this technology could potentially save countless lives by regenerating tissues and organs for those in need. The individuals or groups who object therapeutic cloning are of the belief therapeutic cloning is immoral and unethical since it deals in production and then the destruction of the embryo which has the potential to breathe and live in the world. Risks and Disadvantages of Therapeutic Cloning - Biotech Articles Cloning is one such trend of biotechnology, which has the potential to enhance the beauty and creativity of this field. This is seen to defeat the purpose of growing new cells. Similarly, several US states have banned reproductive and/or therapeutic cloning outright due to moral objections. What are the advantages and disadvantages that biotechnology can provide? [56] It must be noted that while granting license, HFEA must be fully convinced that use of embryos is essential for purpose of the given research. Infertile parents can now have a chance of being able to have kids of their own. [50], Even United Nations has not been able to bring out consensus of member states on the issue of cloning. In some regions, government policies have been shaped by ethical concerns surrounding therapeutic cloning. < https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10285/scientific-and-medical-aspects-of-human-reproductive-cloning > accessed 21 April 2020, [16] Vanessa J. Many of the cells that are cloned develop very serious defects. There are three types of cloning, which are gene, reproductive and therapeutic cloning. Now, imagine youre a medical researcher exploring the possibilities of cloning for regenerative medicine and gene therapy have you considered the potential risks involved? Therapeutic cloning has the potential to regenerate tissues and organs for medical purposes through the. [21] Anthony Atala and Chester J. Koh, Annu, Tissue Engineering Applications of Therapeutic Cloning(2004)6 Rev. [24], In therapeutic cloning, there is a nucleus which is taken out of the somatic cell of the patient and that nucleus is injected into an enucleated egg to form a zygote which eventually leads to formation of stem cells. [54] There exists Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) which is authorised to issue licenses for creation of human embryonic stem cells through nuclear transfer. Therapeutic cloning is so controversial, because it is tied to ethical issues that are connected to life and death. 30 Pros and Cons of Therapeutic Cloning Key Takeaways. 5 Pages. United States position on cloning is quite uncertain and interesting with respect cloning. The primary questions being-, The opinions are bifurcated in two different dimensions. What Are the Advantages of Stem Cell Research? No doubt there are Authorities which have been created under the NGSCR Guidelines 2017, but role of HEFA is more active and pivotal in permitting the research involving embryonic stem cells. Reproductive: In this we actually reproduce not organ but entire being (donor) from where we got genetic information Methods: 1. [30], Despite the unfathomable and extraordinary potential of therapeutic cloning, it has always been the subject-matter of debate on the grounds of ethical and moral considerations. [11] It can be clearly seen that in case of therapeutic cloning, the cloned embryos are created with the sole objective to extract stem cells from them. There might be risks as well in several situations. Strains or sprains to ligaments typically heal in 6 weeks or less with rest. Matthews and Erin H. Yang, Politics and Policies Guiding Human Embryo Research in the United States (Rice Universitys Baker Institute for Public Policy, January 2019). Therapeutic cloning uses experimental techniques to clone tissues or stem cells for purposes other than reproduction such as research, embryonic stem cell lines, or even creation of organs for transplantation.[10]. 7 Therapeutic cloning Transplanting stem cells Adult stem cell transplants could use a patient's own stem cells or be from a donor. Therapeutic Cloning: its applications, advantages and disadvantages There are three different types of cloning: Gene cloning, Reproductive cloning and Therapeutic cloning. There are a number of genetic and degenerative diseases that could be immediately solved if healthy cells were present.
Pa Speeding Ticket 5 Miles Over,
Articles T
