war production ww2 by country

Out of these six Axis countries, only Romania reciprocated, declaring war on Nicaragua on the same day (19 December 1941). It is estimated that in total, 127 million people were mobilised during the war. General MacArthur was ordered by the President to withdraw his headquarters to Australia, where he made his famous statement "I came out of Bataan, and I shall return". Many other people were recruited to bring supplies up to the front and carry injured Australian troops: the so-called Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels. The Emirate of Transjordan was a British mandate territory, and the Transjordanian forces were under British command during the war. America's yearly production exceeded Japan's production building more planes in 1944 than Japan built in all the war years combined. At the close of World War II, Britain and France collaborated with local resistance in the Allied administration of Libya. World War II | Facts, Summary, History, Dates, Combatants, & Causes The Andaman Islands were renamed Shaheed Islands, and the Nicobars were renamed Swaraj Islands. [293] Tuva volunteer forces took part in the battles on the eastern front as part of the formations of the Workers and Peasants Red Army. [225], The population, culture and infrastructure of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia (the Pacific Islands) were completely changed between 1941 and 1945 due to the logistical requirements of the Allies in their war against Japan. It is widely believed that the Duke and Duchess sympathised with fascism before and during the war, and were moved to the Bahamas to minimise their opportunities to act on those feelings. [citation needed]. At dawn on 16 December, two Japanese landing units secured Miri and Seria with little resistance from British forces. [131], The labour of millions more Indians contributed to the Allied war effort. Chile eventually declared war on Japan on April 13, 1945, becoming the last country in Latin America to do so. After 1939 the Roosevelt Administration made support of Britain, China and France a priority and tried to revoke or avoid the neutrality laws. The National Committee failed to restore the national government in September 1944 due to the Soviet reoccupation. [162], Korea was under Japanese rule as part of Japan's 50-year imperialist expansion (22 August 1910 to 15 August 1945). Later Poles organized troops in the United Kingdom and were integrated into the forces of Britain with Polish pilots serving with distinction in the Battle of Britain. World War 2 showcased some of the grandest land battles in military history and much of the focus of these engagements centered on the combat tank. Romania had its first involvement in the war in providing transit rights for members of the Polish government, its treasury, and many Polish troops in 1939. A significant number of Southern Rhodesian troops, especially in the Rhodesian African Rifles, were black or mixed race. Uruguay's neutrality included a 500-kilometre (310mi) exclusion zone extending from its coast, established as part of the Declaration of Panama.[308]. A group of cruisers led by HMSSwiftsure arrived at Hong Kong on 30 August to retake it for Britain; the Japanese formally surrendered on 16 September.[128]. Some Latvian personnel took an active part during the Holocaust, working as part of both the Soviet and the Nazi occupation governments. Although some had been registered members of the Nazi party and Nazi marches had taken place in their settlements, no evidence had been presented until 2007 that the majority supported Hitler. Norway remained neutral until it was invaded by Germany on 9 April 1940, as part of Operation Weserbung. [160] The soldiers from Kenya, of whom most were conscripted,[161] were overwhelmingly African, and the policy of racial segregation in the British Army meant that they were commanded by white officers and NCOs. Wartime experiences provided a new frame of reference for many soldiers, who interacted across ethnic boundaries in ways that were unusual in Nigeria. Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram, a military dictator with nationalist leanings, ruled the country under the nominal rule of King Rama VIII, who was just fourteen years old in 1939 and remained in Switzerland until the war ended. [86] In 1940, Laredo Br infamously denied entry to 900 Jewish refugees who arrived in Havana aboard the German oceanliner MS St. Louis. Indian troops consequently invaded in late April 1941 and reached Baghdad and RAF Habbaniyah in May. [47] German troops counterattacked in December with the Ardennes Offensive; the failure of that offensive forced all German troops out of Belgium by February 1945. After the Allies opened a second European front with the June 1944 landings in France, the USSR was able to push the Germans back. The main combatants were the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allies (France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China). [41] In opposition, the Belgian Resistance comprised numerous groups that fought against the occupation in various ways. The Canadian garrison left Nassau in 1946[30]. Newfoundlanders were encouraged to enlist in the large armed forces of the United Kingdom and of Canada. The French took back control of the country in 19451946, but the First Indochina War that began that December would bring an end to French rule. In September 1940, the two countries agreed to the Lend-Lease Agreement (also called the Bases-for-Destroyers Agreement). The surrender of the German forces between 4 May and 8 May 1945 signaled the end of the war in Europe. Steel During Wartime: Steel Production During the Second World War During World War II, every American was entitled to a series of war ration books filled with stamps that could be used to buy restricted items (along with payment), and within weeks of the. See this article's section on Czechoslovakia in general, and its subsection on the Slovak Republic in particular. By the time it became clear that the Allies were gaining the upper hand, Franco had amassed all his troops on the French border and was assured that the Allies did not wish to invade Spain. After the outbreak of hostilities with Japan in late 1941, Japanese aircraft launched a bombing attack on Darwin in February, and smaller Air raids on Australia, 194243. Nyasas fought in a number of theatres, including the East African Campaign, the Italian invasion of British Somaliland, the Battle of Madagascar, and the Burma Campaign. This allowed the creation of Libyan military units within the Italian army: the 1st Sibille and 2nd Pescatori[174] The units had Italian officers with Libyan NCOs and soldiers. The Liberation of Paris in 1944 ended the Vichy regime. Adolf Hitler was told by his advisors that this was American propaganda; in 1939, annual aircraft production for the US military was less than 3,000 planes. With the return of the Soviet Armed Forces, 70,000 Estonians joined or were conscripted by the German side to fight the Soviets. In January 1942 Salazar signed an agreement to sell tungsten to Germany. [297] Initiatives such as the Women's Land Army boosted food production, while a rationing program regulated consumption. The Vichy regime remained officially neutral during the conflict but collaborated with Germany. Turkey was neutral until several months before the end of the war, at which point it joined the Allied powers. Lisbon became a safe-haven to a scattering of Jews from all over Europe. Badoglio and King Victor Emmanuel III escaped to Brindisi without giving any order to the army, which was left in chaos and without leadership: some divisions surrendered to the Germans, other fought back on their own. It fought in the Burma Campaign. [55], Northeastern Brazil hosted at Natal the largest single American air base outside of its own territory, and at Recife, the U.S. 4th Fleet Headquarter under Admiral Ingram's command. The UK declared war on Finland on 6 December 1941. Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos became nominally independent members of Japan's Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: the Empire of Vietnam, Kingdom of Kampuchea, and Kingdom of Laos. Both sides accidentally bombed Swiss cities. After the war, this evolved into the new capital, Honiara. Rodogno, D. (2006). [63] On 8 December 1941, the Brooke government instructed that the oilfields at Miri and Seria and refinery at Lutong be quickly demolished. In 1937, during the rise of Nazism in Europe, Doctor Guerrero took over as president, until he was forced to leave in 1940 by the Nazis. From 1931 to 1944, El Salvador was ruled by the military dictator Maximiliano Hernndez Martnez, an admirer of Hitler and Mussolini. The kingdom had close relations with all three Axis powers and had agreements with them for assistance with infrastructure and trade. The Indian Empire consisted of the present day territory of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh; Burma had become a separate colony in 1937, though unofficially the Persian Gulf Residency was included . The Sisak People's Liberation Partisan Detachment of the Yugoslav Partisans established in Sisak, Croatia, was the first armed anti-Fascist movement to take place in occupied Yugoslavia and primarily consisted of Croats. Military production during World War II - Wikipedia [188], Some Luxembourgers collaborated with Nazi Germany or were drafted into the German armed forces. Please note that these figues are approximate. Italian forces captured the railway junction at Kassala and other towns and raided as far north as Port Sudan. The Republic of China had been fighting Japan intermittently since the 1931 Mukden Incident, when Japan annexed Manchuria. During the War, large numbers of both Muslim and European Algerians served with the French Army. It is noteworthy that in the March 8, 1943 entry in the Diary of Anne Frank, Anne is recording the jubilation felt by herself and her family at the news that Turkey had joined the war on the side of the Allies, replaced on the following day by disappointment when hearing that in fact Turkey had not actually joined the war, all that happened was a Turkish minister saying that Turkey might end its neutrality at some future time. Denmark officially remained neutral from the outbreak of the war. Despite its assistance to the Allies, Liberia was reluctant to end its official neutrality and did not declare war on Germany until 27 January 1944. Thus, on July 14, 1941, Hitler announced a disarming and . In retaliation, Germany and Italy extended their submarine warfare against them. [156] This conflict merged with the world war following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, which was immediately followed by a series of coordinated attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island; on the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong; and on the Kingdom of Thailand. [102], Fiji was a British colony during World War II. The Danish government remained in office in Copenhagen until 1943 and signed the Anti-Comintern Pact. Within the UK, initially aircraft production was very vulnerable to enemy bombing. Formally, Japanese rule ended on 2 September 1945 upon the Japanese defeat in World War II in 1945. The entry of the United States into the war in late 1941 injected financial, human and industrial resources into Allied operations. [181] Jewish laborers at a concentration camp in Strasshof were hired out to work on estates belonging to the princely family. This marked the first visit to the African continent by a sitting US president. While Nazi Germany never attacked Britain with ground forces, it subjected the country to heavy air attacks in the Battle of Britain of 1940, which was won by the Royal Air Force. Early in September 1939, Portugal proclaimed neutrality to avoid a military operation in Portuguese territory. Volunteers from the NDH fought in Wehrmacht formations on the Eastern Front as the 'Croatian Legion' for some time. However the high rates of government only was beneficial for a short period of time, a trend that can be seen in most wars. In November 1942, it was invaded by the Allies as part of Operation Torch. The territories were only returned to French sovereignty in October 1946. Belgium's mandate of Ruanda-Urundi consisted of the modern nations of Rwanda and Burundi. Despite its non-belligerency, Spain sent volunteers to fight against the Soviet Union in the form of the Blue Division. On 25 January 1942, Thailand declared war on the United States and the United Kingdom. New Zealand trained two Tongan contingents of about 2000 troops, who saw action in the Solomon Islands and Guadalcanal. They never actually saw action. Like the other people of the Caucasus, some Azerbaijanis joined the side of Germany. [118], Colonial troops from the Gold Coast Colony played an important role in the East African Campaign, particularly in attacking Italian-controlled Ethiopia. This pronouncement was reinforced five days later with another declaration. Newfoundland was directly attacked by German forces when U-boats attacked four Allied ore carriers and the loading pier at Bell Island. Malaya was under British rule before the war began. [102], Britain's declaration of war against Italy reinvigorated the Patriot movement and paved the way for the final ousting of the Italians in Ethiopia and in the Horn of Africa. World War II aircraft production | Military Wiki | Fandom [5] Out of German reach, the USSR produced equipment and forces critical to their victory in Europe. After the defeat of the Axis Powers, the Allies occupied Austria in four occupation zones set up at the end of World War II until 1955, when the country again became a fully independent republic under the condition that it remained neutral. Mauritius also had a home guard formation, the Mauritius Defence Force of 2,000 men, and a naval Coastal Defence Force.[198]. Beginning on 10 November, the British First Army under Kenneth Anderson began to advance toward Tunis. Its publication Umbruch was banned in 1943 and its leader was convicted of high treason after the war.[183]. The next day the Czech part of the country became the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under state-President Emil Hcha. Although the Axis powers never penetrated the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Georgia contributed to the war effort almost 700,000 officers and soldiers (about 20% of the total 3.23.4million citizens mobilized), of which approximately 300,000 were killed. However, due to the events of the 19361939 Arab revolt in Palestine and the alliance of exiled former Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Hajj Mohammad Amin al-Husayni with Adolf Hitler, only one Arab volunteered for every three Jewish volunteers. Iceland's government formally protested the occupation, but provided the British with de facto cooperation. Nearly all lost their lives in the Nazi death camps. [citation needed], Nauru was occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945, and was the target of shelling by American battleships and cruisers, and aerial bombing by the Allies. [citation needed]. Adnan et Saadeddine Zmerli, "Moncef Bey, protecteur des Juifs". The most devastating strike came at Pearl Harbor, the Hawaiian naval base where much of the US Pacific Fleet was moored. Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) warships fought in the South Atlantic, including in the Battle of Rio de la Plata in 1939, before being called back to defend the homeland. On 28 February 1945, Saudi Arabia declared war on Germany and Japan, but no military actions resulted from the declaration. [322][323][324] Following the Italian surrender in September 1943, the territory of Montenegro was occupied by German forces which withdrew in December 1944. Phosphates are important for making ammunition and fertilizers. In May 1942, the British and several other Allied forces launched an invasion of Madagascar, seeking to protect its position as a link in Allied shipping and deny its use to the Axis. Burma was separated from British India in 1937 as a Crown Colony with a constitutional government. It was occupied by Japan in 1942 through 1945. At the start of the war, the company had 13,055 employees. A total of 250,280[209] Gurkhas served in 40 battalions during the war,[210] in almost all theatres. [58][59][60], After two years of preparation, a complete infantry Division (about 25,000 troops, called the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (BEF)) was sent in July 1944 to fight in the Italian campaign. [239] The war also disrupted food supplies, prolonging a period of economic hardship going back to the 1920s with the collapse of the pearl trade, continuing through the Great Depression and a Bahraini embargo in 1937. Rotterdam and Middelburg were heavily bombed. The Second World War made Salvadorans weary of their dictatorship, and a general national strike in 1944 forced Hernndez Martnez to resign and flee to Guatemala. By the early 1940s, there were thousands of Jews arriving in Lisbon and leaving weeks later to other countries. When a German general approached, the Presiding Judge told him: "The Court and its staff are inviolable. Production of machine tools tripled, and thousands of ships were built in shipyards which did not exist before the war. On several occasions, Vichy forces were attacked by British and Free French forces, especially in French Africa. In September 1943, Iran declared war on Germany, which qualified it for membership in the United Nations (UN). Samoa declared war on Germany along with New Zealand, which administered all of Western Samoa under a League of Nations mandate. Fiji also constructed many facilities such as airfields for Allied bombing runs, barracks and training grounds.[103]. The Battle of Gazala in 1942 finally drove the Allies from Tobruk and back into Egypt. Colonel Castellanos had already granted several visas to people of Jewish origin who were persecuted by the Nazis. [citation needed]. In 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and Manchukuo was subsequently invaded and abolished. [46] The Liberation of Belgium began in September 1944 when Allied forces, including Free Belgians, entered the country. On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany launched a massive surprise attack on the Soviet Union. [18] Thus, initially, even though the government of Argentina was sympathetic to the Allies[19] and provided economic assistance to the United Kingdom,[20] the country's political tradition of neutralism prevailed. [1] At the beginning of the war, the British and French placed large orders for aircraft with American manufacturers and the US Congress approved plans to increase its air forces by 3,000 planes. Subsequently, negotiations began between the Burmese and the British for independence. Mandatory Palestine remained under British rule via the League of Nations mandate system. Parts of the Caribbean had been colonized by countries that now came under Axis occupation. Military Production > WW2 Weapons These appeared to be substantiated when Luftwaffe supply flights to the new pro-German Iraqi regime (under Rashid Ali) refuelled in Damascus. The Allies, led by the United States, launched a counterattack with the Guadalcanal Campaign beginning 7 August 1942. American and British pressure ensured that several French ships, including its only aircraft carrier, Barn, remained interned at Martinique. To pay for these wars, taxes are held at a very high rate. Under the Joint Air Training Scheme, part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, South Africa trained 33,347 aircrews for the British Royal Air Force, South African Air Force and other Allied air forces. The distinguished Salvadoran jurist lived in Europe for many years in his career as a diplomat and as presiding judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice, based in The Hague, Netherlands. Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. Year Germany USA; 1939: 8 million: N/A: 1940: 6.7 million: N/A: 1941: 7.3 million: N/A: 1942: 7.7 million: 184 million: 1943: 8.9 million: 200 million: 1944: 6 . The US produced more than its own military forces required and armed itself and its allies for the most industrialized war in history. Iraq declared war on the Axis powers in 1943 after cutting diplomatic ties. The war also made the British reappraise Nigeria's political future. Early in the war, Swiss fighters shot down German aircraft for violating Swiss air space. On 4 May 1945, German forces in Denmark surrendered to the British army. [88] The United States naval station at Guantanamo Bay also served as a base for convoys passing between the mainland United States and the Panama Canal or other points in the Caribbean.[90]. Later that year the Australian Army entered the North Africa campaign and fought in Greece. The city was renamed Syonan and kept under Japanese occupation until the end of the war in September 1945. [211] They did so with considerable distinction, earning 2,734 bravery awards[209] and suffering around 32,000 casualties in all theatres. [48] German V-bomb attacks continued until the end of the war. Once Japan entered the conflict, sixteen battalions of the Royal Nepalese Army fought in the Burma Campaign. French Madagascar played an important role in the war due to the presence of critically important harbors and the contribution of Malagasy troops. On the islands of Aruba and Curaao (Netherlands West Indies) a large oil refinery was of major importance for the war effort in Europe, especially after D-day. From 1943 to 1945, the Chilean prison camp of Pisagua became the site of wartime internment for citizens of enemy nations. It was established much later that the Luftwaffe bombed Dublin's North Strand district as part of Operation Roman Helmet, an operation carried out in retribution for Ireland's breaches of neutrality which included Eamon DeValera's decision to send fire engines across the border to assist in fighting fires in the Belfast blitz. The Polish Resistance Movement was the largest anti-Nazi resistance in the whole Nazi-occupied Europe and the only non-Communist resistance among the Slavic countries. [185] In August 1942, Germany fully annexed Luxembourg and attached it to Gau Moselland. Throughout the war, San Marino maintained its neutrality, although it did not remain unscathed from both sides. The 4 Malay states of Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan and Terengganu were annexed by Thailand, which was under a Fascist Regime and aligned to the Axis Powers. [242], The impact of the war on islanders was profound. A company called Bethlehem Steel was an integral part of the war effort during World War II and was at the full operation from 1863 to 1995. Throughout . The August 1939 MolotovRibbentrop Pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union left Estonia in the Soviet sphere of interest. A few hours later, Lutong was captured. It regrouped with the Vichy authority that joined it and the interior resistance into fighting France. Most Lebanese people did not tolerate the Vichy government and the way it ruled, many Lebanese would mock and criticize the French soldiers for becoming Nazi Germany's ally. [9] Units of the Sudan Defence Force (SDF) were combined with the Indian 1st Horse to form Gazelle Force, which helped drive the Italian forces out of Sudanese territory in January 1941. [278], During the war about 100,000 people from Tanganyika joined the Allies. Despite its neutrality, Switzerland was not free from hostilities. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Venezuela severed diplomatic relations with Italy, Germany, and Japan, and produced vast oil supplies for the Allies. [282] It remained neutral throughout the war. [38] A number of Nazi collaborationist groups operated in Flanders and Wallonia;[39] other Belgians collaborated through the national administration[40] and the Flemish and Walloon Legions of the Waffen-SS. It was the closest reasonably safe route around the embattled Solomon Islands, a stopping-off point for troops and supplies being shipped to the Solomons, just to the north, and the closest protected harbor available to ships damaged around Guadalcanal. 3 . Germany's military production was tied to resources outside its area of control, a great disadvantage as compared to the Allies. The Chetniks also engaged in a campaign of ethnic cleansing of non-Serbs in the territory of the former Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the war. During the Second World War, Great Britain recognized the strategic importance of Oman's geographical location by expanding facilities throughout the country. Because of its ability to produce aviation fuel and its proximity to the Panama Canal, the oil refinery and port city of Talara, in northwest Peru, became an American air base. In addition to this labor, some 800,000 Azerbaijanis fought in the ranks of the Soviet Army, of which 400,000 died. Those Ukrainians who remained at times welcomed the Germans as liberators. Gross domestic product (GDP) provides insight into the relative strength of the belligerents in the run up to, and during the conflict. The Afrika Korps was similarly dispatched to the Western Desert to assist struggling Italian forces there, and German forces grew to an entire army group. After the United Kingdom declared war, the British forces in Tanganyika were ordered to intern the German males living in the territory out of fear that they would try to help the Axis. By 1945, increased British government spending and the introduction of an income tax led to an expansion of local revenue. After the Italian invasion of Albania in April 1939, 100,000 Italian soldiers and 11,000 Italian colonists who wanted to integrate Albania into the Italian Empire settled in the country. [172] Libyans were given "Special Italian Citizenship" that was only valid within Libya. Six Cuban merchant ships were sunk by U-boats, taking the lives of around eighty sailors. Koreans created an official, formal government to prepare for independence. WW2 Aircraft by Country Aviation | Second World War HOME AIRCRAFT / AVIATION MODERN AIR FORCES COUNTRIES MANUFACTURERS COMPARE BY CONFLICT BY TYPE BY DECADE It was only natural that a years-long conflict such as World War 2 would introduce a host of aircraft designs originating from key nations.

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