how did kahlil gibran die

[131], When the Ottomans were eventually driven from Syria during World War I, Gibran sketched a euphoric drawing "Free Syria", which was then printed on the special edition cover of the Arabic-language paper As-Sayeh (The Traveler; founded 1912 in New York by Haddad[132]). [19], Another influence on Gibran was American poet Walt Whitman, whom Gibran followed "by pointing up the universality of all men and by delighting in nature. [142], In 2018 Nadim Naaman[it] and Dana Al Fardan devoted their musical Broken Wings to Kahlil Gibran's novel of the same name. In 1912, the poetic novella Broken Wings was published in Arabic by the printing house of the periodical Meraat-ul-Gharb in New York. In Gibrans case, since evidence suggests that he evaded a sexual relation with Haskell, he at least did not leave her with the financial burden of children (not uncommon in his time). (1883-1931) Who Was Kahlil Gibran? [7] In June 1910, Gibran visited London with Howayek and Ameen Rihani, whom Gibran had met in Paris. The Prophet (book) - Wikipedia [111], Gibran was neglected by scholars and critics for a long time. His writings in both languages, which deal with such themes as love, death, nature, and a longing for the homeland, are full of lyrical outpourings and are expressive of Gibrans deeply religious and mystic nature. The village of his birth, Bisharri, is perched on a small plateau at the. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Khalil Gibran Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life & Achievements He was described in parliament as a cousin of Bob Katter Sr., a long-time member of the Australian parliament and one-time Minister for the Army, and through him his son Bob Katter, founder of Katter's Australian Party and former Queensland state minister, and state politician Robbie Katter. This play, according to Khalil Hawi, 'defines Gibran's belief in Syrian nationalism with great clarity, distinguishing it from both Lebanese and Arab nationalism, and showing us that nationalism lived in his mind, even at this late stage, side by side with internationalism. [50], Gibran sailed back to New York City from Boulogne-sur-Mer on the Nieuw Amsterdam on October 22, 1910, and was back in Boston by November 11. "[127], Nevertheless, Gibran called for the adoption of Arabic as a national language of Syria, considered from a geographic point of view, not as a political entity. The exhibition, Kahlil Gibran: The Garden of the Prophet, opens at the Immigration Museum, Melbourne, on November 28. [39] Haskell had been thinking of placing her collection at the Telfair as early as 1914. In the depth of your hopes and desires lies your silent knowledge of the beyond; And like seeds dreaming beneath the snow your heart dreams of spring. He was deeply moved by their desire to have him in their midst, but he knew that to go to Lebanon would be a grave mistake. Rather she remained in all her correspondence quite critical of a few of Gibran's Westernized ideas. I cannot fulfill their desire. Kahlil Gibran: Kahlil Gibran was a well-known Lebanese-American author, a Middle-Eastern Christian whose famous work The Prophet has sold over eleven million copies in over a hundred languages since its publication in 1923. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). crystalline, from which all the inhabitants drank, even the king. By Kahlil Gibran. [41], In 1905, Gibran's first published written work was A Profile of the Art of Music, in Arabic, by Al-Mohajer's printing department in New York City. [14] At the same time, "most of Gibran's paintings expressed his personal vision, incorporating spiritual and mythological symbolism,"[15] with art critic Alice Raphael recognizing in the painter a classicist, whose work owed "more to the findings of Da Vinci than it [did] to any modern insurgent. [90] Gibran discussed "such themes as religion, justice, free will, science, love, happiness, the soul, the body, and death"[91] in his writings, which were "characterized by innovation breaking with forms of the past, by symbolism, an undying love for his native land, and a sentimental, melancholic yet often oratorical style. Through his teachers there, he was introduced to the avant-garde Boston artist, photographer and publisher F. Holland Day,[6] who encouraged and supported Gibran in his creative endeavors. Self-Portrait and Muse, c. 1911 (Museo Soumaya), Untitled (Rose Sleeves), 1911 (Telfair Museums), Towards the Infinite (Kamila Gibran, mother of the artist), 1916 (Metropolitan Museum of Arts), The Three are One, 1918 (Telfair Museums), also The Madman's frontispiece, Standing Figure and Child, undated (Barjeel Art Foundation), Although brought up as a Maronite Christian .mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}(see Childhood), Gibran, as an Arab, was influenced not only by his own religion but also by Islam, especially by the mysticism of the Sufis. [62] By March 1915, two of Gibran's poems had also been read at the Poetry Society of America, after which Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, the younger sister of Theodore Roosevelt, stood up and called them "destructive and diabolical stuff";[63] nevertheless, beginning in 1918 Gibran would become a frequent visitor at Robinson's, also meeting her brother. In a century where authority figures - whether political or representing various spiritual traditions - have seemed not only to fail their flocks, but to have actively betrayed them, Gibrans perhaps fuzzy but lyrical advice has come to fill a vacuum of integrity and leadership. You may house their bodies but not their souls, his wisdom. "[113], According to Waterfield, "Gibran was confirmed in his aspiration to be a Symbolist painter" after working in Marcel-Bronneau's studio in Paris. Then Almitra spoke, saying, We would ask now of Death. Nearly a century after his death, the Lebanese-American painter, poet, and philosopher Kahlil Gibran (January 6, 1883-April 10, 1931) endures as one of humanity's most universally beloved voices of truth and transcendence. Kahlil Gibran - Wikipedia Two weeks before he arrived back, his sister Sultana died of tuberculosis at the age of 14. Khalil Gibran, Gibran also spelled Jibran, Khalil also spelled Kahlil, Arabic name in full Jubrn Khall Jubrn, (born January 6, 1883, Bsharr, Lebanondied April 10, 1931, New York, New York, U.S.), Lebanese-American philosophical essayist, novelist, poet, and artist. Only when you drink from the river of silence shall you indeed sing. You shall be together when the white wings of death scatter your days. Overview. [42] The same year, Gibran published Spirits Rebellious in Arabic, a novel deeply critical of secular and spiritual authority. Khalil Gibran (Full name : Gibran Khalil Gibran) is a Lebanese poet, painter, writer, philosopher and theologian, born in Bsharri, Lebanon on January 6th, 1883. The enduring convention of signing works with a singular name has tended to result in the eclipsing of efforts of crucial contributors, often women. And when you have reached the mountain top, then you shall begin to climb. Khalil Gibran | Biography, Poems, Art, & Books | Britannica for their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow, which you cannot visit, not even in your dreams. Performance & security by Cloudflare. But how shall you find it unless you seek it in the heart of life? FromThe Prophet(Knopf, 1923). "Part of the appeal is perhaps that this book could have been written by anybody and that is what we do with scripture. Anglo-Americans could, in other words, accessorise with him. "[114] In her diary entry of March 17, 1911, Haskell recorded that Gibran told her he was inspired by J. M. W. Turner's painting The Slave Ship (1840) to utilize "raw colors [] one over another on the canvas [] instead of killing them first on the palette" in what would become the painting Rose Sleeves (1911, Telfair Museums).[39][115]. "He was called 'mad Blake'. A Tear and a Smile was published in Arabic in 1914. [61] After Ryder's death in 1917, Gibran's poem would be quoted first by Henry McBride in the latter's posthumous tribute to Ryder, then by newspapers across the country, from which would come the first widespread mention of Gibran's name in America. Kahlil Gibran is said to be one of the world's bestselling poets, and his life has inspired a play touring the UK and the Middle East. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The meeting made a strong impression on Gibran. Many might even class it in that category of writing known as wisdom texts. '"[44] The Maronite Patriarchate would let the rumor of his excommunication wander, but would never officially pronounce it. Yet is he not more mindful of his trembling? Gibrans principal works in Arabic are: Aris al-Murj (1910; Nymphs of the Valley); Damah wa Ibtismah (1914; A Tear and a Smile); Al-Arw al-Mutamarridah (1920; Spirits Rebellious); Al-Ajniah al-Mutakassirah (1922; The Broken Wings); Al-Awif (1923; The Storms); and Al-Mawkib (1923; The Procession), poems. what of Marriage, master? Kahlil Gibran, Nude Figures Lying at the Foot of a Mountain by a Lake, (1923-1931), Watercolour. Read about our approach to external linking. I think he has been misunderstood in the West. Now, in the heart of that city was a well, whose water was cool and. Their relationship developed into a love affair and although Gibran proposed to her twice, they never married. Lebanese author of the immensely popular The Prophet, Kahlil Gibran is one of the most commercially successful poets of the twentieth century. The Prophet sold well despite a cool critical reception. [57], Gibran and Ziadeh never met. Profile: Kahlil Gibran (6 Jan 1883 - Middle East Monitor And when you have reached the mountain top, then you shall begin to climb. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. [43] According to Barbara Young, a late acquaintance of Gibran, "in an incredibly short time it was burned in the market place in Beirut by priestly zealots who pronounced it 'dangerous, revolutionary, and poisonous to youth. [56] As worded by Ghougassian, Her reply on May 12, 1912, did not totally approve of Gibran's philosophy of love. "But it is not filled with any kind of dogma, it is available to anyone whether they are Jewish or Christian or Muslim.". Having received his primary education in Beirut, Gibran immigrated with his parents to Boston in 1895. His principal works in English are The Madman (1918), The Forerunner (1920), The Prophet (1923; film 2014), Sand and Foam (1926), and Jesus, the Son of Man (1928). "[30] Gibran would develop a romantic attachment to her. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [59] Ziadeh reviewed all of Gibran's books and Gibran replies to these reviews elegantly."[60]. Did Kahlil Gibran have kids? | Homework.Study.com [f][20][23][24], Gibran's father initially worked in an apothecary, but he had gambling debts he was unable to pay. January 6, 2021 at 11:10 am Kahlil Gibran is regarded as the third-best-selling poet of all time after Lao Tzu and William Shakespeare, largely because of his book The Prophet. "He was a Christian but he saw things being done in the name of Christianity which he could not accept," says Bushrui. Trust the dreams, for in them is hidden the gate to eternity. And he was feared for his might and loved for. Broken Wings (Gibran novel) - Wikipedia His body was transferred to his birth village of Bsharri (in present-day Lebanon), to which he had bequeathed all future royalties on his books, and where a museum dedicated to his works now stands. [112] Bushrui and John M. Munro have argued that "the failure of serious Western critics to respond to Gibran" resulted from the fact that "his works, though for the most part originally written in English, cannot be comfortably accommodated within the Western literary tradition. Outside of English-speaking countries, the Lebanese-born Gibran attracts far less disdain. But let there be spaces in your togetherness, If I went to Lebanon and took the little black book [The Prophet], and said, 'Come let us live in this light,' their enthusiasm for me would immediately evaporate. ( m. 1926; died 1936) . Secrets of the Heart (1947) A Treasury of Kahlil Gibran (1951) Thoughts and Meditations (1960) A Second Treasury of Kahlil Gibran (1962) Spiritual Sayings (1962) Voice of the Master (1963) Mirrors of the Soul (1965) Between Night & Morn (1972) A Third Treasury of Kahlil Gibran (1975) The Storm (1994) The Beloved (1994) The Vision (1994) Kahlil Gibran. In fact, he urged people to be non-judgmental.". [53] Waterfield argues that the cirrhosis was contracted through excessive drinking of alcohol and was the only real cause of Gibran's death. Is the shepherd not joyful beneath his trembling, that he shall wear the mark of the king? Then Almitra spoke, saying, We would ask now of Death. He had also been corresponding remarkably with May Ziadeh since 1912. The owl whose night-bound eyes are blind unto the day cannot unveil the mystery of light. The fact is that millions of people have found momentary respite in his shifting, evocative words. Among many subjects, The Prophet offers contemplations on marriage: stand together yet not too near together: Furthermore, for the son of destitute immigrants, who rose to fame via his beauty, talent and a blind conviction of his own specialness (which he nourished along with a small obsession with Jesus Christ, the subject of a later, and arguably better work), perhaps life had presented to him its own stark dualities: abjection/acclaim; poverty/wealth; indifference/desire; disdain/popularity; exoticism/racism. [20][21] She was thirty when Gibran was born, and Gibran's father, Khalil, was her third husband. Gibran remained in Lebanon for several years before returning to Boston in 1902. Is the shepherd not joyful beneath his trembling, that he shall wear the mark of the king? Daniela Rodica Firanescu deems probable that the poem was first published in an American Arabic-language magazine. His sister Marianna supported Gibran and herself by working at a dressmaker's shop. What did Kahlil Gibran die from? The world premiere was staged in London's Theatre Royal Haymarket. And though they are with you yet they belong not to you. For someone who undoubtedly made it (according to the grim criteria of the New World), Gibran may well have had more than a kernel of wisdom and know-how for those trying to survive its heartless, capricious climes. [62], While most of Gibran's early writings had been in Arabic, most of his work published after 1918 was in English. Updates? "[111] Nevertheless, although Nietzsche's style "no doubt fascinated" him, Gibran was "not the least under his spell":[111], The teachings of Almustafa are decisively different from Zarathustra's philosophy and they betray a striking imitation of Jesus, the way Gibran pictured Him. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. "[34] Gibran graduated from the school at eighteen with high honors, then went to Paris to learn painting, visiting Greece, Italy, and Spain on his way there from Beirut. at St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery. Gibran sketched the Prophet after a dream, Gibran the painter created more than 700 works, including this one of his family. [106], Gibran was also a great admirer of Syrian poet and writer Francis Marrash,[107] whose works Gibran had studied at the Collge de la Sagesse. What did Kahlil Gibran die from? | Homework.Study.com [64][65] The same year, Gibran met Lebanese author Mikhail Naimy after Naimy had moved from the University of Washington to New York. And the Chaldo-Syriac is the most beautiful language that man has madethough it is no longer used. The same year, The Tempests was published in Arabic in Cairo,[70] and The Forerunner in New York. This wish was fulfilled in 1932, when Mary Haskell and his sister Mariana purchased the Mar Sarkis Monastery in Lebanon, which has since become the Gibran Museum. Celebrities and Famous People Who Passed Away Today in History. If you would indeed behold the spirit of death, open your heart wide unto the body of life. Copyright 20102023, The Conversation US, Inc. Initially showing promise as an artist, he also began writing. Corrections? Guide To The Classics: The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran Kahlil Gibran, The Face of Almustafa (1923) [96], The poem "You Have Your Language and I Have Mine" (1924) was published in response to criticism of his Arabic language and style. Two weeks before he got back, his sister Sultana died of tuberculosis at the age of 14. [25][26] In 1891, while acting as a tax collector, he was removed and his staff was investigated. For other uses, see, Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. Its popularity peaked in the 1930s and again in the 1960s when it became the bible of the counter culture. "In the West, he was not added to the canon of English literature," says Cole. "[39] In a letter to Haskell, Gibran wrote that "among all the English artists Turner is the very greatest. In Lebanon, where he was born, he is still celebrated as a literary hero. In the Arab world, Gibran is regarded as a rebel, both in a literary and political sense. An exiled man, Almustafa, who has been living abroad for 12 years, sees the ship that will carry him back to the isle of his birth approaching. And he answered saying: Now therefore disclose us to ourselves, and tell us all that has been shown you of that which is between birth and death. VideoThe surprising benefits of breaking up, Presenter photo claims are clear crisis for BBC. [7] Gibran had accepted Haskell's offer partly so as to distance himself from Micheline, "for he knew that this love was contrary to his sense of gratefulness toward Miss Haskell"; however, "to his surprise Micheline came unexpectedly to him in Paris. "[7] In December 1909,[i] Gibran started a series of pencil portraits that he would later call "The Temple of Art", featuring "famous men and women artists of the day" and "a few of Gibran's heroes from past times. It is written in an archaic style, recalling certain translations of the Bible (Gibran was intimate with both the Arabic and King James versions) and has an aphoristic quality that lends itself to citation for weddings, funerals, courtships and accessibility. [74], In 1923, The New and the Marvelous was published in Arabic in Cairo, whereas The Prophet was published in New York. Gibrans literary and artistic output is highly romantic in outlook and was influenced by the Bible, Friedrich Nietzsche, and William Blake. "[130] Gibran dedicated a poem named "Dead Are My People" to the fallen of the famine. Gibran's book "The Prophet," first published in 1923, has . Poet, who has heard thee but the spirits that follow thy solitary path?Prophet, who has known thee but those who are driven by the Great Tempest to thy lonely grove? for they have their own thoughts His knowledge of Lebanon's bloody history, with its destructive factional struggles, strengthened his belief in the fundamental unity of religions. [51] At the end of April, Gibran was staying in Teller's vacant flat at 164 Waverly Place in New York City. Kahlil Gibran - IMDb Mary Haskell (educator) - Wikipedia Professor Juan Cole, from the University of Michigan, has noted that Gibrans writings in Arabic are in a very sophisticated style. Kahlil Gibran 1883 - 1931 Then Almitra spoke again and said, And what of Marriage, master? Khalil Gibran, Gibran also spelled Jibran, Khalil also spelled Kahlil, Arabic name in full Jubrn Khall Jubrn, (born January 6, 1883, Bsharr, Lebanondied April 10, 1931, New York, New York, U.S.), Lebanese-American philosophical essayist, novelist, poet, and artist. But Jean Gibran says that he never claimed to be a saint or prophet. Ay, you shall be together even in the silent memory of God. "[121] After the death of Abdu'l-Bah, Gibran gave a talk on religion with Bahs[122] and at another event with a viewing of a movie of Abdu'l-Bah, Gibran rose to proclaim in tears an exalted station of Abdu'l-Bah and left the event weeping. Kahlil Gibran is best known for his work The Prophet, a book that consists of 26 prose poetry stories about a man named Al Mustafa. Since it was published in 1923, The Prophet has never been out of print. [83], All future American royalties to his books were willed to his hometown of Bsharri, to be used for "civic betterment. After Shakespeare and the Chinese poet Laozi, Gibrans work from 1923, The Prophet, has made him the third most-sold poet of all time. Kamila and Boutros wanted Gibran to absorb more of his own heritage rather than just the Western aesthetic culture he was attracted to. In 1921, Gibran participated in an "interrogatory" meeting on the question "Do We Need a New World Religion to Unite the Old Religions?" Lebanese American artist, poet, and writer, "Gibran" redirects here. [129], On May 26, 1916, Gibran wrote a letter to Mary Haskell that reads: "The famine in Mount Lebanon has been planned and instigated by the Turkish government. [47] Gibran would live there until his death,[52][bettersourceneeded] referring to it as "The Hermitage. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Symbolists such as Rodin and the English poet and artist William Blake, who was a big influence on Gibran, favoured romance over realism and it was a movement that was already passe in the 1920s as modernists such as TS Eliot and Ezra Pound were gaining popularity. [7] Oil paint was Gibran's "preferred medium between 1908 and 1914, but before and after this time he worked primarily with pencil, ink, watercolor and gouache. It has seemingly been able to speak to various generations: from those experiencing the Depression, to the 1960s counter culture, into the 21st century. Poets Search more than 3,000 biographies of contemporary and classic poets. The popularity of The Prophet grew markedly during the 1960s with the American counterculture and then with the flowering of the New Age movements. Kahlil Gibran was reintroduced to William Blake's poetry and art in Paris, most likely in Auguste Rodin's studio and by Rodin himself [on one of their two encounters in Paris after Gibran had begun his Temple of Art portrait series[j]]. [138] A line of poetry from Sand and Foam (1926), which reads "Half of what I say is meaningless, but I say it so that the other half may reach you," was used by John Lennon and placed, though in a slightly altered form, into the song "Julia" from the Beatles' 1968 album The Beatles (a.k.a. "[112] According to El-Hage, critics have also "generally failed to understand the poet's conception of imagination and his fluctuating tendencies towards nature. [98] Gibran's literary oeuvre is also steeped in the Syriac tradition. If you would indeed behold the spirit of death, open your heart wide unto the body of life. In their anxiety and confusion of mind they look about for some solution to their difficulties. Your fear of death is but the trembling of the shepherd when he stands before the king whose hand is to be laid upon him in honour. In her own biography of Gibran, she minimized the relationship and begged Mary Haskell to burn the letters. It just is. Returning to Boston upon his youngest sister's death in 1902, he lost his older half-brother and his mother the following year, seemingly relying afterwards on his remaining sister's income from her work at a dressmaker's shop for some time. Kahlil Gibran's The Prophet: Why is it so loved? - BBC News Kahlil Gibran Biography - life, family, childhood, name, death, wife Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. '"[133], According to Waterfield, Gibran "was not entirely in favour of socialism (which he believed tends to seek the lowest common denominator, rather than bringing out the best in people)".[134]. The Prophet has worked as a widespread balm, as effectively as anything quick and concise can. [49][l] He lectured there for several months "in order to promote radicalism in independence and liberty" from Ottoman Syria. And he said: You would know the secret of death. The same process happened with the Christian Armenians and applied to the Christians in Mount Lebanon. And those that are set up as heads over its many branches are as fingers on the hand of a divinity that points to the Spirit's perfection. Gibran died in New York City on April 10th, 1931, at the age of forty-eight. Gibran wrote him a prose poem in January and would become one of the aged man's last visitors. His half-brother Boutros opened a shop. Image of the The Prophet by Kahill Gibran. [10] His visual artwork was shown at Montross Gallery in 1914,[11] and at the galleries of M. Knoedler & Co. in 1917. Included in the Temple of Art series are portraits of. He was a fragile human being and aware of his own weaknesses.". Due to the extensive number of edits that Haskell offered on most of Gibrans works across his career (including his first publication, a short poem), it is almost certain that his output like many artistic achievements might be more accurately deemed a collaboration. The book is made up of 26 prose poems, delivered as sermons by a wise man called Al Mustapha. "[37] Marianna supported Gibran and herself by working at a dressmaker's shop. His body lay temporarily at Mount Benedict Cemetery in Boston before it was taken on July 23 to Providence, Rhode Island, and from there to Lebanon on the liner Sinaia. Born in a village of the Ottoman-ruled Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate to a Maronite family, young Gibran immigrated with his mother and siblings to the United States in 1895. "He was looked down upon as, frankly, a 'bubblehead' by Western academics, because he appealed to the masses. It says the kinds of things that we sometimes wish a trusted other might say to us, to calm us down. [149], I am thinking of other museums the unique little Telfair Gallery in Savannah, Ga., that Gari Melchers chooses pictures for. The Secret of Death Gibran died in New York City on April 10 th, 1931, at the age of forty-eight. "As a poor but proud immigrant amongst Boston's elite, he didn't want people to look down on him. His mother Kamileh Rahmeh had one son from a previous marriage (Boutros; Arabic for Peter). This use of the colloquial was more a product of his isolation than of a specific intent, but it appealed to thousands of Arab immigrants. But many critics have been lukewarm about his merits. As his mother worked as a seamstress, he was enrolled at a school in Boston, where his creative abilities were quickly noticed by a teacher who presented him to photographer and publisher F. Holland Day. He was a spiritual radical in many ways, rejecting what he saw as the materialism of much of modern religion. [143], A number of places, monuments and educational institutions throughout the world are named in honor of Gibran, including the Gibran Museum in Bsharri, the Gibran Memorial Plaque in Copley Square, Boston,[144] the Gibran Khalil Gibran Garden in Beirut,[145] the Kahlil Gibran Memorial Garden in Washington, D.C.,[144] the Khalil Gibran International Academy in Brooklyn,[146] and the Khalil Gibran Elementary School in Yonkers, NY. And what is it to cease breathing, but to free the breath from its restless tides, that itmay rise and expand and seek God unencumbered? You shall be together when the white wings of death scatter your days. And what is it to cease breathing, but to free the breath from its restless tides, that itmay rise and expand and seek God unencumbered? This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Khalil-Gibran, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Kahlil Gibran, Gibran National Committee - Biography of Khalil Gibran, Khalil Gibran - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). There when I was a visiting child, form burst upon my astonished little soul.[88]. Kahlil Gibran moved to the United States in 1895 and was exposed to Boston's artistic community. Khan's tweet drew over 19,000 likes and more than 4,700 retweets at the time of writing. Only when you drink from the river of silence shall you indeed sing. 2023 BBC. In 1888, Gibran entered Bsharri's one-class school, which was run by a priest, and there he learnt the rudiments of Arabic, Syriac, and arithmetic. Haskell had a penchant for enabling the less fortunate (although she herself was not wealthy), and Gibran was not her first project of this kind.

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